The Caucuses is a very interesting place but incredibly confusing so today I will focus on the former Republic of the USSR Georgia. One thing that might be confusing in the following is the use of the word “Republic”. Unfortunately in this part of the world they seem to apply this title very liberally. Update: my spell checker in Word seems to have had the gong so be forgiving.
Georgia is a confusing patchwork of cultures and religions. Each culture seems to want their own homeland. During Georgia’s split away from the Soviet Union, many Republics that were to be part of Georgia tried to go their own way.
South Ossetia:
The history of this place reads like a bad novel with a convoluted plot and hundreds of characters with similar names. In 1989 the “Republic of South Ossetia” tried to unify itself with North Ossetia, which is part of Russia. A day later the Georgian Government intervened and abolished South Ossetian autonomy. Georgia has never fully recognised South Ossetia, consiquently it is made up of several Georgian states.
In 1991, violent conflict broke out in South Ossetia and many villages were burnt to the ground. Over 100, 000 people were resettled in North Ossetia. Conveniently, large portions of North Ossetia had been left uninhabited, because of the forced resettlement of the Ingush population by Stalin in Soviet Times. Consequently, there is now an issue of who actually has the right to live in this area.
Soon after this Russian president Boris Yeltsin declared a cease fire between Georgian and North Ossetian forces, a combined peacekeeping force of Georgians, Ossetians and Russians was sent in. Recently the issues of tax free Russian goods and small tit for tat skirmishes has increased tensions. This situation escalated in mid July 2004 when the Russian Duma passed a resolution supporting South Ossetia.
Problems:
South Ossetia’s greatest source of currency is the levying of customs duties on freight travelling through the Roki Tunnel, which connects Russia with Georgia. They are also have problems with arm dealing and drug trafficking.
The “Republic of South Ossetia” is not one continuous piece, instead it is made up of a patchwork of Georgian and Ossetian towns. The Ossetian towns are controlled by the government of South Ossetia and Georgian towns are controlled by Georgia. This problem would be amusing if it wasn’t so serious, it is impossible to split this land, as giving it to one group or the other would require the mass deportation of thousands of people.
Abkhazia:
If you thought South Ossetia had problems, this place is even worse. In February1992, the Abkhazian parliament declared independence from Georgia. Georgia dispatched 3,000 troops to “restore order”. Of course this led to fighting between Georgian troops and Abkhazian nationalists. Eventually the Georgian troops managed to take control and shut down the Abkhazian parliament.
In September 1992, Abkhazian forces allied themselves with Confederation of the Mountain People of the Caucasus. This group is made up of a large number of paramillitary groups from different ethnic groups including Ossetians and Chechans. This loose alliance was enough to push the Georgian millitary out of Abkhazia. This was followed by a campaign of ethnic cleansing on both sides, it’s thought that up to 10,000 people have lost their lives and 300,000 have been forced to leave.
There has been a cease fire agreement since 1994 over seen by the UN. This cease fire is supported by a contingient of Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) peacekeepers. Russia also seems to have a finger in this pie with Abkhazia expressing it’s wish to become part of the Russian Federation. Many Abkhazian residents also have Russian citizenship and do not require a visa to travel over the border into the Russian Federation.
Russia is unable to force Georgia to become part of the Russian Federation, so they seem to be supporting seperatist areas within Georgia. They are also selling tax free goods in South Ossetia which pisses off the Georgian government no end. If Russia keeps up it’s current treatment of Georgia this state will fall to pieces and it will be the rest of the world that has to pick them up.
The one terrorist caught after the Russian school siege said the terrorists leaders want to start a war across the Caucuses. This war I can only imagine is the full scale invasion of Georgia by Russia. I think this is incredibly unlikely, but terrorists really have a lot to gain if this does happen. Such an invasion would involve large amounts of weaponry underpaid Russian soldiers would make a lot of money selling these weapons at bargin basement prices.
If the rest of the world wants to stop terrorism in this region they need to support countries such as Georgia. It’s countries like these, when they fall apart, that become terrorist hot spots. The rest of the world also needs to wake up to Russian bullying and apply the maximum diplomatic pressure to get them to stop.
If you want to learn more about Georgia and the Caucuses go to Wikipedia.